AS-LEVEL PAPER 1 PP18 MS

1.  (a) ionisation (1)
		High voltage supply (1)
		Removes electrons (1)
	
Ion drift (1)
	Ions with less mass move more quickly (ora) (1)

[10 max]

		

2.      (a)     Outer electrons are in p orbitals
1
(b)     decreases
1
Number of protons increases
1
Attracting outer electrons in the same shell (or similar shielding)
1
(c)     Sulfur molecules (S8) are larger than phosphorus (P4)
1
Therefore van der Waals’ forces between molecules are stronger
1
Therefore more energy needed to loosen forces between molecules
1
(d)     Argon particles are single atoms with electrons closer to nucleus
1
Cannot easily be polarised (or electron cloud not easily distorted)
1

[9]

3.	

[12]

4.

5.

[12]

6.     (a)     (i)      2C + O2 → 2CO
OR
C + CO2 → 2CO
Or multiples.
Ignore state symbols.
1
(ii)     Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
Or multiples
Penalise FE and Fe2
Ignore state symbols
1
(b)            M1    Use of Na OR Mg
M2    Balanced equation consequential on correct reactants
         EITHER
          TiCl4 + 4Na → Ti + 4NaCl
         OR
          TiCl4 + 2Mg → Ti + 2MgCl2
Or multiples
Ignore state symbols
1
[3]

7.

8.      (a)     Gains electrons (or removes electrons)
1
(b)     (i)      +4
1
+6
1
(ii)     Br2 + 2e– → 2Br–
1
(iii)     SO2 + 2H2O → 4H+ +  + 2e–
1
(iv)    Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O → 2Br– + 4H+ + 
1
(c)     Cl2 + H2O → H+ + Cl– + HOCl
1
Chloride: –1
1
Chlorate(I): +1
1
[7]

(d)     Chloride ions cannot reduce sulphuric acid
(Or chloride ions are weak reducing agents
Or sulphuric acid is not a strong enough oxidising agent
Or sulphuric acid is a weaker oxidising agent than chlorine)
1
(e)     KCl + H2SO4 → HCl + KHSO4
(Allow 2KCl + H2SO4 → 2HCl + K2SO4)
1
(f)      (i)      Bromine
1
(ii)     Sulphur dioxide
1
[13]